Search results for "industrial revolution"

Population Growth and Manufacturing Real Wages in 18th Century England: A Spatial Perspective

2004

We develop a two-region population growth model of economic geography and show that a process of urbanization has a substantial impact on the evolution of manufacturing real wages. Whereas real wages decline as the population increases when the spatial structure of the economy is fixed, they actually rise in the long-run when factors are mobile. Agglomeration may hence be seen as a rational response to declining real wages and provides a new explanation of why manufacturing real wages did not decline prior to the Industrial Revolution in England, despite a historically unprecedented population growth.

Wages and prices in early Catalan industrialisation

2014

Catalonia was the only Mediterranean region among the early followers of the British Industrial Revolution in the second third of the nineteenth century. The roots of this industrialisation process can be traced back to the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries when the Catalan economy became successfully integrated in international trade and the region enjoyed an intensification of its agrarian and proto-industrial activities. These capitalist developments were subsequently reinforced by a successful printed calico manufacturing business concentrated in the city of Barcelona. Although the factory system was largely adopted by the cotton industry in the 1840s, the diffusion of the spinning j…

Environmental Management Systems (Ems) - Control Instrument of the Impact of the Organization Activities on the Environment

2015

Abstract Due to the ability to create and use technology, the human being has found various ways to transform the resources of the Earth in all sorts of new materials, equipment and energy sources. At least since the last industrial revolution until now, each generation has added more technology to the received legacy, but at the same time, left the planet in a far more degraded state than the inherited condition. Within these changes, small and medium enterprises (SME) in their capacity as pillars of the economic development of a nation, have been compelled to change their previous strategies. Implementing an Environmental Management Systems (EMS) can be seen as the only way to connect the…

Cultural and Creative Industries Concept – A Historical Perspective

2014

Abstract Innovation and creativity are broadly used terms and Creative Economy concept is present in European and other countries policy documents, including EU policy, UNDP and other international organization strategies. In Latvia the use of the Creative Industries term increases, however the understanding of its implications often causes confusion, both among policy makers and the broader public. The aim of this article is to establish a better understanding of the principles of Cultural and Creative Industries and the concept of a Creative Economy using historical reasoning from relevant literature. Formal use of the term Creative Industries is quite recent (1994), marking the digital e…

The Fourth Industrial Revolution and Changes to Working Life : What Supports Adult Employees in Adapting to New Technology at Work?

2020

AbstractThis chapter aims to increase current understanding of adults’ individual learning pathways and needs when adapting to new technology. We review adults’ overall technology skills and depict, through chosen examples, how adults have adapted to technological change in their working lives. We present prior research on the challenges that the Fourth Industrial Revolution poses to adults’ further education, and based on the Programme for the International Assessment of Adult Competencies (PIAAC), we review adults’ problem-solving skills in technology-rich environments. Overall, the findings emphasize the importance of design-based education and the need for companies to flexibly address …

Smart factory in the context of 4th industrial revolution: challenges and opportunities for Romania

2017

Manufacturing companies, independent of operation sector and size, must be able to produce lot size one products, just-in-time at a competitive cost. Coping with this high adaptability and short reaction times proves to be very challenging. New approaches must be taken into consideration for designing modular, intelligent and cooperative production systems which are easy to integrate with the entire factory. The coined term for this network of intelligent interacting artefacts system is cyber-physical systems (CPS). CPS is often used in the context of Industry 4.0 – or what many consider the forth industrial revolution. The paper presents an overview of key technological and social requirem…

The Paper Industry in Germany, 1800–2000

2012

Germany is the biggest paper exporter in the world, the biggest paper producer in Europe and the fourth biggest producer in the world. It is also the biggest market in Europe and a major export market for European pulp producers. However, only three German pulp and paper companies made it to the top 100 list of the industry in 2010 and none made it into the top 50 (PPI 2011). This article describes the development of the German industry from the beginning of the nineteenth century to the present in order to explain the factors contributing to this unusual state of affairs in a country which, during the second Industrial Revolution, created major players in the new global oligopolies in chem…

Viktorijas laika sociālās problēmas E. Gaskelas romānos

2017

Bakalaura darba tēma ir Viktorijas laika sociālās problēmas E. Gaskelas romānos. Darba mērķis ir salīdzināt Gaskelas romānus „Mērija Bārtone” un „Ziemeļi un dienvidi” ar teorētisko informāciju par Viktorijas laika sociālajām problēmam un industrializācijas procesu 19. gadsimtā Lielbritānijā. Salīdzinājums ir veikts, lai atklātu kādas sociālas problēmas ir attēlotas romānos, un cik precīzi Gaskelas atainojums atbilst 19. gadsimta situācijai Lielbritānijā. Pētījumu metodes ir: vēsturiska un salīdzinoša analīze, teksta analīze. Pētījuma rezultāti atklāja, ka Gaskela attēloja dažādas sociālas problēmas kuras ir saistītas ar 19. gadsimta industrializāciju Lielbritānijā.

Smart city in the era of the fourth industrial revolution

2020

The Concept of Civility and Law

2017

From Hobbes on, the concept of law-making was strongly associated with the needs of creating a third-object (dialectics) that can control force and violence. The same concept of law and violence, which is historically associated with the Occident, paved the way for the creation of borders. By studying the legacy of Foucault and R. Castel and the contribution of sociological thinking, in this chapter we will dissect the roots of national identity and the evolution of security. While industrialism emancipated medieval peasants from their attachment to the soil, a great process of urbanization produced slums and ghettos in. Against this back drop, a new concept of civility erected a barrier be…